Which group is typically motivated by political or social causes rather than financial gain?

• A. Nation-States/APTs
• B. Hacktivists
• C. Cyber Criminals
• D. Insiders

Answer: (B)

Hacktivists are driven by political or social goals, using cyber actions to promote a cause or raise awareness rather than to make money. Their primary aim is impact on public perception or policy, not financial gain, so they might deface sites, leak information, or disrupt services to spotlight an issue. While nation-state actors can have political aims, their activities are typically aligned with strategic objectives for a government, including espionage or broad influence, and money is not their main driver. Cyber criminals focus on profits like ransom, theft, or fraud, and insiders can be motivated by a range of factors that aren’t exclusively ideological. So the group most associated with political or social motivation is hacktivists.